1 00:00:46,850 --> 00:00:45,229 hi everyone welcome to a very special 2 00:00:50,779 --> 00:00:46,860 event here at NASA's Jet Propulsion 3 00:00:53,149 --> 00:00:50,789 Laboratory it's so neat to have guests 4 00:00:55,670 --> 00:00:53,159 who are so jazzed about what we do as 5 00:00:58,399 --> 00:00:55,680 much as we're jazzed about what you do 6 00:01:01,660 --> 00:00:58,409 I'd like to introduce our guest to you 7 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:01,670 right now Lori McCreary she's the CEO of 8 00:01:06,830 --> 00:01:04,320 revelations entertainment now this is 9 00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:06,840 the production company that does through 10 00:01:16,130 --> 00:01:10,020 the wormhole with Morgan Freeman and it 11 00:01:18,620 --> 00:01:16,140 is they're wrapping up their fifth 12 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:18,630 season on Science Channel and then of 13 00:01:28,940 --> 00:01:20,970 course I have to introduce Morgan 14 00:01:31,490 --> 00:01:28,950 Freeman okay and also host through the 15 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:31,500 wormhole and then James younger another 16 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:41,670 so let's put all of this into context 17 00:01:48,679 --> 00:01:43,950 about why we're here so let's go back 18 00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:48,689 forty five years ago to July 20th 1969 19 00:01:54,419 --> 00:01:51,820 now that is the day that not NASA's 20 00:01:57,120 --> 00:01:54,429 Apollo 11 crew landed on the moon and 21 00:01:59,789 --> 00:01:57,130 the world watched as astronauts Neil 22 00:02:02,789 --> 00:01:59,799 Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set their 23 00:02:05,730 --> 00:02:02,799 lunar module Eagle down in the Sea of 24 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:05,740 Tranquility and that's while crew mate 25 00:02:11,039 --> 00:02:08,080 Mike Collins orbited above in the 26 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:11,049 command module now 45 years ago remember 27 00:02:16,979 --> 00:02:13,450 and that was when Armstrong said those 28 00:02:21,059 --> 00:02:16,989 famous words that's one small step for 29 00:02:22,620 --> 00:02:21,069 man one giant leap for mankind so today 30 00:02:25,110 --> 00:02:22,630 we're taking this opportunity to look 31 00:02:27,630 --> 00:02:25,120 back at that giant leap and also the 32 00:02:30,210 --> 00:02:27,640 look forward to look at head at the next 33 00:02:34,259 --> 00:02:30,220 giant leap doing things like sending 34 00:02:36,870 --> 00:02:34,269 astronauts to Mars so let's get this 35 00:02:38,699 --> 00:02:36,880 conversation started first of all I mean 36 00:02:41,550 --> 00:02:38,709 Morgan do you remember that day do you 37 00:02:44,910 --> 00:02:41,560 know where you were whoa I was yes I was 38 00:02:51,990 --> 00:02:44,920 I was I I was in my apartment in New 39 00:02:56,849 --> 00:02:52,000 York lying on the couch watching this I 40 00:02:58,890 --> 00:02:56,859 cried yeah yeah and I wanted to ask how 41 00:03:07,590 --> 00:02:58,900 many people I wanted any about a year 42 00:03:09,509 --> 00:03:07,600 old enough to have seen that you know 43 00:03:16,250 --> 00:03:09,519 that tells you that looking at something 44 00:03:23,910 --> 00:03:21,440 we learned one thing there that was very 45 00:03:31,740 --> 00:03:23,920 very I think was instructive to a lot of 46 00:03:34,410 --> 00:03:31,750 us not made of green cheese but such a 47 00:03:42,949 --> 00:03:34,420 momentous event to have actually done 48 00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:42,959 that and come back proof positive that 49 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:47,800 whatever we can imagine we can do 50 00:03:54,150 --> 00:03:50,770 fact James where do you remember it 51 00:03:56,190 --> 00:03:54,160 aren't you too young probably seeing it 52 00:03:59,190 --> 00:03:56,200 between my building blocks that I was 53 00:04:03,150 --> 00:03:59,200 lying on my floor I don't have any great 54 00:04:04,860 --> 00:04:03,160 memories of it I don't have any memories 55 00:04:08,820 --> 00:04:04,870 of it I've only heard through people and 56 00:04:11,370 --> 00:04:08,830 but I but I do remember watching tape of 57 00:04:13,020 --> 00:04:11,380 Kennedy and his admonition that we could 58 00:04:15,090 --> 00:04:13,030 do this and I think that that's the 59 00:04:16,860 --> 00:04:15,100 great thing is that if there's enough 60 00:04:18,420 --> 00:04:16,870 leadership and enough excitement and 61 00:04:19,289 --> 00:04:18,430 enough vision we can pretty much 62 00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:19,299 accomplish anything 63 00:04:27,210 --> 00:04:22,870 well Maureen I mean you know you're here 64 00:04:28,890 --> 00:04:27,220 with an audience full a lot of students 65 00:04:30,930 --> 00:04:28,900 and student interns who are just so 66 00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:30,940 excited to see you I mean tell me a 67 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:33,280 little bit about you were you always 68 00:04:40,140 --> 00:04:35,410 into science yourself were you excited 69 00:04:47,580 --> 00:04:40,150 about science growing up no no were you 70 00:04:52,910 --> 00:04:47,590 good at science no I listened truth I'm 71 00:04:58,140 --> 00:04:52,920 an actor been an actor all my life my 72 00:05:02,580 --> 00:04:58,150 involvement here is to me one of the 73 00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:02,590 mysteries of my life because it's on it 74 00:05:12,030 --> 00:05:07,710 through show business that I wind up 75 00:05:15,690 --> 00:05:12,040 having this this relationship with the 76 00:05:23,970 --> 00:05:15,700 JPL the JPL yeah if the Jet Propulsion 77 00:05:28,530 --> 00:05:23,980 Laboratory so yeah I am like most people 78 00:05:32,430 --> 00:05:28,540 I like science fiction and any science 79 00:05:38,220 --> 00:05:32,440 that attaches itself to my science 80 00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:38,230 fiction reading and seeing then I'm 81 00:05:44,330 --> 00:05:41,680 excited because oh it's not just an 82 00:05:46,860 --> 00:05:44,340 imagination anymore is for real I 83 00:05:49,380 --> 00:05:46,870 remember when I read the Jules Verne's 84 00:05:53,610 --> 00:05:49,390 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea the atomic 85 00:05:56,250 --> 00:05:53,620 submarine that he had invented well what 86 00:06:01,720 --> 00:05:56,260 is less it's about 100 years 150 years 87 00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:04,970 it's it's a mantra if we can imagine it 88 00:06:11,450 --> 00:06:08,190 we can do it subscrive all's into the 89 00:06:16,850 --> 00:06:11,460 category of prophetic science fiction 90 00:06:21,170 --> 00:06:16,860 writer Arthur C Clark it's another one 91 00:06:24,110 --> 00:06:21,180 so my interest in science is not an 92 00:06:26,450 --> 00:06:24,120 interest in science per se I'm not a 93 00:06:33,260 --> 00:06:26,460 scientist I'm not scientific minded I'm 94 00:06:36,970 --> 00:06:33,270 right brained I don't do math challenge 95 00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:36,980 Morgan what the the reason that we are 96 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:39,210 we've worked together for 20 years so I 97 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:41,610 can do that the reason that we're doing 98 00:06:45,590 --> 00:06:42,810 something like through the wormhole is 99 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:45,600 because Morgan is interested and perhaps 100 00:06:48,590 --> 00:06:47,010 he doesn't have the scientific 101 00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:48,600 background to go in and finalize 102 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:50,610 equations for people but he asks 103 00:06:54,050 --> 00:06:52,770 questions and the one story I love that 104 00:06:56,990 --> 00:06:54,060 you tell is when he was in high school 105 00:06:59,480 --> 00:06:57,000 he was a had a physics physics physics 106 00:07:01,430 --> 00:06:59,490 crash and and perhaps on the tests he 107 00:07:03,650 --> 00:07:01,440 wasn't making great grades but he got a 108 00:07:06,080 --> 00:07:03,660 very high grade because he asked 109 00:07:07,580 --> 00:07:06,090 questions and he was engaged and that's 110 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:07,590 the thing that he does for us when we're 111 00:07:11,930 --> 00:07:10,140 working on wormhole and we have were 112 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:11,940 looking at scripts he asks questions 113 00:07:15,170 --> 00:07:13,890 from a different perspective than 114 00:07:17,180 --> 00:07:15,180 perhaps someone who had scientific 115 00:07:18,980 --> 00:07:17,190 training so it gives us a unique 116 00:07:21,470 --> 00:07:18,990 perspective I think when we're 117 00:07:25,730 --> 00:07:21,480 presenting science the dumbest person in 118 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:25,740 the room but there are no dumb questions 119 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:31,170 that yeah but you know I think basis of 120 00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:33,930 exploration right is to be curious and 121 00:07:41,810 --> 00:07:38,760 to ask questions and one I know how that 122 00:07:44,510 --> 00:07:41,820 works so is that pretty much what you do 123 00:07:47,270 --> 00:07:44,520 that is that your approach just asking a 124 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:47,280 question we do ask questions we you know 125 00:07:51,740 --> 00:07:50,250 we think well you know we let's look at 126 00:07:53,870 --> 00:07:51,750 the universe we had a question well is 127 00:07:55,910 --> 00:07:53,880 there an edge to the universe something 128 00:07:57,710 --> 00:07:55,920 that a lot of scientists trained in 129 00:07:59,330 --> 00:07:57,720 cosmology wouldn't ask like well it's 130 00:08:01,520 --> 00:07:59,340 three dimensional curved space is not 131 00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:01,530 really an edge up about well it would no 132 00:08:03,890 --> 00:08:02,760 hang on a minute let's try and 133 00:08:06,140 --> 00:08:03,900 understand that what would a normal 134 00:08:09,170 --> 00:08:06,150 person think well there's a ball and 135 00:08:10,679 --> 00:08:09,180 somehow there's an inside and outside so 136 00:08:12,509 --> 00:08:10,689 we approach it from that angle 137 00:08:15,899 --> 00:08:12,519 when you when you talk to scientists and 138 00:08:18,029 --> 00:08:15,909 engage them in that way it's very 139 00:08:20,699 --> 00:08:18,039 illuminating and you know and it really 140 00:08:22,829 --> 00:08:20,709 allows us to explain very complicated 141 00:08:25,589 --> 00:08:22,839 science that's really beyond you know 142 00:08:28,049 --> 00:08:25,599 beyond any high school student we get 143 00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:28,059 into it and the you know people are 144 00:08:31,649 --> 00:08:29,769 illuminated and informed and feel like 145 00:08:34,439 --> 00:08:31,659 they know more about the universe well 146 00:08:37,170 --> 00:08:34,449 speaking of which we have an copy of a 147 00:08:39,209 --> 00:08:37,180 clip from wormhole and if you want to 148 00:08:40,819 --> 00:08:39,219 set it up and kind of explain it to us 149 00:08:43,079 --> 00:08:40,829 we'll roll it well one of the things we 150 00:08:44,939 --> 00:08:43,089 will know we do as well as explaining 151 00:08:46,290 --> 00:08:44,949 science as we try and understand let 152 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:46,300 people understand what it's like to be a 153 00:08:49,889 --> 00:08:48,730 scientist I mean with NASA of course you 154 00:08:51,509 --> 00:08:49,899 have these glamorous lives with the 155 00:08:55,139 --> 00:08:51,519 astronauts ago and no one's gone before 156 00:08:56,759 --> 00:08:55,149 and maybe you think working in space 157 00:08:59,610 --> 00:08:56,769 science research is also going to be 158 00:09:06,840 --> 00:08:59,620 that exciting and well here's the truth 159 00:09:09,030 --> 00:09:06,850 about it 26,000 light-years away there 160 00:09:12,329 --> 00:09:09,040 is a place where we could learn the true 161 00:09:15,590 --> 00:09:12,339 nature of gravity is the supermassive 162 00:09:18,809 --> 00:09:15,600 black hole at the center of our galaxy 163 00:09:22,679 --> 00:09:18,819 astronomers think this hole in space is 164 00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:22,689 not much bigger than our Sun gene 165 00:09:29,420 --> 00:09:26,050 something that size so far away would 166 00:09:34,910 --> 00:09:29,430 take a telescope the size of our planet 167 00:09:39,480 --> 00:09:37,440 astronomer Shep dolmens career was 168 00:09:49,290 --> 00:09:39,490 launched when he answered the call to 169 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:49,300 adventure and landed here what excited 170 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:51,730 me about this particular brand of radio 171 00:09:55,620 --> 00:09:53,530 astronomy was that you got to travel the 172 00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:55,630 world I said well that's for me I 173 00:09:58,830 --> 00:09:57,130 definitely want to go out in the field 174 00:10:00,180 --> 00:09:58,840 and do that and then when I got here 175 00:10:03,630 --> 00:10:00,190 they said well largely that works been 176 00:10:06,510 --> 00:10:03,640 done Shep does most of his work trapped 177 00:10:09,750 --> 00:10:06,520 in his office where he often escapes by 178 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:09,760 daydreaming about being the first 179 00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:15,490 astronomer to observe a black hole it's 180 00:10:19,950 --> 00:10:17,650 one of the hardest problems in his field 181 00:10:23,430 --> 00:10:19,960 because astronomers can only observe 182 00:10:24,780 --> 00:10:23,440 objects that radiate light when you ask 183 00:10:28,500 --> 00:10:24,790 yourself what a black hole looks like 184 00:10:31,560 --> 00:10:28,510 you really have to begin with why do we 185 00:10:34,590 --> 00:10:31,570 see black holes at all by definition 186 00:10:38,450 --> 00:10:34,600 they should be invisible when light 187 00:10:40,830 --> 00:10:38,460 enters a black hole it's gone forever 188 00:10:43,620 --> 00:10:40,840 but not all of the light around the 189 00:10:46,620 --> 00:10:43,630 black hole gets sucked in some of it 190 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:46,630 bends around the event horizon creating 191 00:10:52,620 --> 00:10:49,530 a shadow image of the black hole that 192 00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:52,630 image could reveal how gravity behaves 193 00:10:59,310 --> 00:10:56,800 at the event horizon but by the time the 194 00:11:01,880 --> 00:10:59,320 light reaches us the signal is so 195 00:11:06,560 --> 00:11:01,890 diluted that Shep would need a telescope 196 00:11:14,300 --> 00:11:06,570 thousands of miles across to pick it up 197 00:11:19,940 --> 00:11:17,180 scheppers traveling to exotic locations 198 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:19,950 around the world coordinating a massive 199 00:11:25,370 --> 00:11:23,610 international collaboration in the 200 00:11:27,590 --> 00:11:25,380 spring of 2015 201 00:11:30,560 --> 00:11:27,600 nearly all of the world's high-precision 202 00:11:33,650 --> 00:11:30,570 telescopes will point towards the center 203 00:11:36,260 --> 00:11:33,660 of our galaxy at the center of our 204 00:11:39,310 --> 00:11:36,270 galaxy is an extraordinary object 205 00:11:42,110 --> 00:11:39,320 it's a supermassive black hole and 206 00:11:44,510 --> 00:11:42,120 because it is so massive and because 207 00:11:48,010 --> 00:11:44,520 it's relatively close to us we have a 208 00:11:51,260 --> 00:11:48,020 shot we have a chance to resolve it 209 00:11:58,150 --> 00:11:51,270 that's great how many people relate to 210 00:12:03,019 --> 00:12:00,740 we have three four different types of 211 00:12:05,810 --> 00:12:03,029 galaxies we have the spiral galaxy we 212 00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:05,820 have the sprocket galaxy and that one it 213 00:12:12,230 --> 00:12:07,680 has armed over here in homes over here 214 00:12:16,040 --> 00:12:12,240 and a pinwheel gap does every galaxy 215 00:12:17,269 --> 00:12:16,050 create a black hole in its creation well 216 00:12:18,890 --> 00:12:17,279 you're asking the wrong guy there's some 217 00:12:25,690 --> 00:12:18,900 people here good answer but yes the 218 00:12:41,270 --> 00:12:38,510 every every galaxy how do you know so 219 00:12:45,350 --> 00:12:41,280 this is obviously a really really 220 00:12:48,350 --> 00:12:45,360 complicated subject very complicated how 221 00:12:55,490 --> 00:12:48,360 did you make it so relatable for 222 00:12:57,850 --> 00:12:55,500 everybody to get me to talk about it we 223 00:12:59,870 --> 00:12:57,860 find the scientists we talk to them we 224 00:13:02,120 --> 00:12:59,880 understand see we try to understand what 225 00:13:03,650 --> 00:13:02,130 their life is like and we try and get 226 00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:03,660 into their character and through telling 227 00:13:07,970 --> 00:13:06,810 someone's story you are able to 228 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:07,980 understand what they're working on 229 00:13:12,140 --> 00:13:09,810 better so it's you know we there's 230 00:13:14,990 --> 00:13:12,150 complicated science very simply stated 231 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:15,000 and someone's character that you get 232 00:13:18,410 --> 00:13:17,130 engaged with and you want him to get out 233 00:13:21,220 --> 00:13:18,420 of his office and go and you know 234 00:13:24,890 --> 00:13:21,230 assemble this radio telescope virtual 235 00:13:26,090 --> 00:13:24,900 array and and so you you you're dragged 236 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:26,100 along in the story and you you 237 00:13:29,610 --> 00:13:27,730 understand the science along the way 238 00:13:31,319 --> 00:13:29,620 doesn't seem like a lecture like okay 239 00:13:34,170 --> 00:13:31,329 here's how grant black hole works here's 240 00:13:35,639 --> 00:13:34,180 the equation is the escape velocity we 241 00:13:38,819 --> 00:13:35,649 just tell us through someone's story I 242 00:13:40,230 --> 00:13:38,829 think for us to where if we didn't make 243 00:13:41,970 --> 00:13:40,240 wormhole if we didn't produce through 244 00:13:43,980 --> 00:13:41,980 the wormhole we would be fans of the 245 00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:43,990 show so we're our own worst critics when 246 00:13:46,949 --> 00:13:45,040 it comes to does that really make sense 247 00:13:48,689 --> 00:13:46,959 is it interesting and because we come 248 00:13:50,519 --> 00:13:48,699 from film and storytelling backgrounds 249 00:13:51,930 --> 00:13:50,529 were always looking for ways to engage 250 00:13:54,329 --> 00:13:51,940 whoever sitting in the audience watching 251 00:13:57,180 --> 00:13:54,339 it and then it's hard to beat Morgan's 252 00:13:59,819 --> 00:13:57,190 voice on top of it and now director and 253 00:14:01,829 --> 00:13:59,829 writer it says like James because he's 254 00:14:07,530 --> 00:14:01,839 so modest is what's your PhD in 255 00:14:10,199 --> 00:14:07,540 biophysics soft science he knows a lot 256 00:14:12,060 --> 00:14:10,209 about physics and science and he and he 257 00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:12,070 can talk one-on-one with all of our 258 00:14:16,139 --> 00:14:13,810 scientists and he's a genius writer and 259 00:14:18,689 --> 00:14:16,149 so if it's understandable it's because 260 00:14:21,180 --> 00:14:18,699 he's writing words Morgan you have a 261 00:14:23,970 --> 00:14:21,190 long history of you know relating to 262 00:14:26,340 --> 00:14:23,980 young people The Electric Company is 263 00:14:28,050 --> 00:14:26,350 that something that you've always kind 264 00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:28,060 of made a priority to reach out to 265 00:14:36,910 --> 00:14:45,410 they're annoying people as young as you 266 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:48,720 so I kind of sometimes feel a little bit 267 00:14:58,110 --> 00:14:54,930 like WC Fields and that the only thing 268 00:15:00,420 --> 00:14:58,120 that I seem to have going for me in 269 00:15:03,090 --> 00:15:00,430 terms of young people is that I don't 270 00:15:06,750 --> 00:15:03,100 meet them as young people I meet them as 271 00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:06,760 people and and they respond to that so I 272 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:10,000 get kind of a good pat on the back just 273 00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:12,610 for their reaction to me and absolute 274 00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:17,410 okay go away kid you bother me but you 275 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:20,380 co-created this company and with an 276 00:15:25,920 --> 00:15:23,530 objective to bring more of this material 277 00:15:28,890 --> 00:15:25,930 out there do you think that in Hollywood 278 00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:28,900 there's just a reluctance to do more 279 00:15:33,930 --> 00:15:30,940 stuff like this because people wouldn't 280 00:15:35,310 --> 00:15:33,940 appreciate it no I personally I don't 281 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:35,320 think so I don't think Holly was 282 00:15:41,730 --> 00:15:37,810 reluctant to do anything unless it they 283 00:15:45,330 --> 00:15:41,740 know it's not gonna make any money but 284 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:45,340 if they can see a dollar see the whole 285 00:15:50,370 --> 00:15:48,610 point it's not just that weird money 286 00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:50,380 hungry and but it takes money to make 287 00:15:58,020 --> 00:15:52,390 them so if you don't make money making 288 00:16:00,420 --> 00:15:58,030 them you can't make them but reality 289 00:16:02,790 --> 00:16:00,430 shows have always been considered the 290 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:02,800 the cheaper show you know you just you 291 00:16:09,420 --> 00:16:06,130 know follow people around but you've 292 00:16:15,870 --> 00:16:09,430 sort of taken reality and kind of taken 293 00:16:17,520 --> 00:16:15,880 it up a notch you know we I think the 294 00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:17,530 audience appreciates not being talked 295 00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:18,880 down to they you know the audience is 296 00:16:23,310 --> 00:16:21,670 capable of far more than most television 297 00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:23,320 shows give them credit for and when 298 00:16:26,670 --> 00:16:25,300 they're when people you engage the 299 00:16:29,460 --> 00:16:26,680 audience on a higher level people 300 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:29,470 respond and they like it well there was 301 00:16:35,750 --> 00:16:32,050 one piece one segment that talked about 302 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:35,760 the ocean as a conscious living beam 303 00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:40,510 that was a completely new concept why 304 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:42,370 approach something like that why did you 305 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:46,570 want to see us to relate to the ocean as 306 00:16:50,210 --> 00:16:48,850 like another person well because they 307 00:16:52,370 --> 00:16:50,220 were scientists who are 308 00:16:57,050 --> 00:16:52,380 getting at it in just in those terms and 309 00:16:59,210 --> 00:16:57,060 it may inform us how many times as it 310 00:17:01,700 --> 00:16:59,220 has the ocean risen up and wiped out 311 00:17:05,360 --> 00:17:01,710 everything five times five times five 312 00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:05,370 times as the ocean completely eliminated 313 00:17:10,820 --> 00:17:07,920 life on the planet except and maybe not 314 00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:10,830 even except in the ocean right most of 315 00:17:13,820 --> 00:17:13,110 the life on the planet has been wiped 316 00:17:17,440 --> 00:17:13,830 out yeah 317 00:17:21,020 --> 00:17:17,450 wiped out how did the ocean do that 318 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:21,030 creates a virus and you know what my 319 00:17:28,370 --> 00:17:21,930 Harris's can do 320 00:17:31,430 --> 00:17:28,380 I think the ocean is sentient it there 321 00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:31,440 is entirely too much going on in there 322 00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:39,440 for it not to be now consider this for a 323 00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:41,120 minute and a half 324 00:17:50,420 --> 00:17:45,120 what if the ocean really is aware of 325 00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:50,430 itself then it's aware of what we are 326 00:18:02,380 --> 00:17:54,960 doing to it if it's aware of what we're 327 00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:06,190 don't buy that you don't like science 328 00:18:23,570 --> 00:18:20,250 I'm sorry okay science you know because 329 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:23,580 it's clear you learned and it's clear 330 00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:24,930 you're really interested 331 00:18:30,620 --> 00:18:27,450 what happened help us if we don't learn 332 00:18:34,790 --> 00:18:30,630 and if we're not interested yeah I you 333 00:18:42,530 --> 00:18:34,800 know I'm trying to keep up so at when 334 00:18:46,580 --> 00:18:42,540 the cat I'm getting what do you call 335 00:18:51,740 --> 00:18:46,590 when the Cataclysm comes I've got a deep 336 00:18:55,100 --> 00:18:51,750 enough hole you know so I mean if there 337 00:18:58,670 --> 00:18:55,110 were one big goal that you would like to 338 00:19:03,950 --> 00:18:58,680 fulfill in terms of teaching people 339 00:19:14,370 --> 00:19:09,380 we have a telescope in space called the 340 00:19:20,549 --> 00:19:14,380 Kepler yeah Kepler we're looking for 341 00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:20,559 other signs of life in the universe we 342 00:19:29,159 --> 00:19:24,640 have discovered hundreds of star systems 343 00:19:36,830 --> 00:19:29,169 with planets we have discovered no sign 344 00:19:44,580 --> 00:19:41,250 this is the only planet we got and we're 345 00:19:47,570 --> 00:19:44,590 not taking good care of it I was going 346 00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:47,580 to give anybody any advice I would say 347 00:19:58,139 --> 00:19:52,960 think better about what we're doing to 348 00:20:00,149 --> 00:19:58,149 the home so what would you like what 349 00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:00,159 would you be interested in in pursuing 350 00:20:16,279 --> 00:20:12,490 on earth then exploring on earth well 351 00:20:19,289 --> 00:20:16,289 speaking of which we've got people about 352 00:20:22,529 --> 00:20:19,299 250 miles above us right now who are 353 00:20:23,810 --> 00:20:22,539 begging to talk to you and they're right 354 00:20:32,970 --> 00:20:23,820 there 355 00:20:34,940 --> 00:20:32,980 hi guys astronaut Rees Wiseman and he's 356 00:20:38,519 --> 00:20:34,950 the person on the left and also 357 00:20:41,549 --> 00:20:38,529 commander Steve Swanson thank you so 358 00:20:47,940 --> 00:20:41,559 much for joining us today are you guys 359 00:20:52,139 --> 00:20:47,950 standing up pleasure to be here so 360 00:20:54,330 --> 00:20:52,149 there's a few seconds there's a few 361 00:20:55,860 --> 00:20:54,340 seconds of delay but I'm gonna let 362 00:20:57,960 --> 00:20:55,870 Morgan and company 363 00:21:02,970 --> 00:20:57,970 take it away and let them ask you 364 00:21:06,090 --> 00:21:02,980 questions all right okay so you guys are 365 00:21:09,529 --> 00:21:06,100 out there floating around tossing that 366 00:21:29,629 --> 00:21:09,539 microphone back and forth very cleverly 367 00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:33,960 alright one of my bucket list thing 368 00:21:37,739 --> 00:21:35,200 that's gonna be to get up there with you 369 00:21:42,989 --> 00:21:37,749 so I can just drive that what do you 370 00:21:46,519 --> 00:21:42,999 think it's going to take to get us to 371 00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:46,529 Mars know what I'm saying how does the 372 00:21:52,889 --> 00:21:49,090 International Space Station help us 373 00:21:58,799 --> 00:21:52,899 answer the question how do we get to 374 00:22:00,659 --> 00:21:58,809 Mars that's a really good question I 375 00:22:02,669 --> 00:22:00,669 mean there's definitely a few ways of 376 00:22:05,249 --> 00:22:02,679 looking at that watercourses we need the 377 00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:05,259 technology we need the ability to have 378 00:22:09,239 --> 00:22:07,960 life support that lasts for many years 379 00:22:11,639 --> 00:22:09,249 how many years but three or four years 380 00:22:13,619 --> 00:22:11,649 possibly this robust it has all the 381 00:22:15,210 --> 00:22:13,629 parts onboard you can make is there we 382 00:22:19,169 --> 00:22:15,220 need protection from when we're outside 383 00:22:20,700 --> 00:22:19,179 the Earth's Van Van Allen belts all 384 00:22:22,469 --> 00:22:20,710 sorts of things but the big thing that 385 00:22:24,149 --> 00:22:22,479 this gives us it gives us a place to try 386 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:24,159 all these things out we can see what 387 00:22:30,649 --> 00:22:25,450 works and what doesn't work on this on 388 00:22:40,099 --> 00:22:34,710 what do you think about the idea of this 389 00:22:43,710 --> 00:22:40,109 is mine some months ago building the 390 00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:43,720 vehicle that will go to Mars in space 391 00:22:54,590 --> 00:22:51,529 well obviously since this was your idea 392 00:22:57,830 --> 00:22:54,600 it was a very very good I'd almost say a 393 00:22:59,720 --> 00:22:57,840 perfect idea certainly if we could build 394 00:23:02,720 --> 00:22:59,730 a heavy lift vehicle that can launch up 395 00:23:04,669 --> 00:23:02,730 a lot of parts and a lot of mass and 396 00:23:06,889 --> 00:23:04,679 then assemble this in low-earth orbit 397 00:23:08,899 --> 00:23:06,899 outside of our atmosphere I think that 398 00:23:10,999 --> 00:23:08,909 would be a great way to start and really 399 00:23:13,370 --> 00:23:11,009 if you just looked at the space station 400 00:23:16,249 --> 00:23:13,380 as kind of a modular design if we just 401 00:23:18,259 --> 00:23:16,259 started with a hab module and maybe a 402 00:23:19,490 --> 00:23:18,269 laboratory then that's a great start and 403 00:23:21,110 --> 00:23:19,500 we kind of already have that with the 404 00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:21,120 space station so if you just took a few 405 00:23:24,619 --> 00:23:23,250 parts off of this put some motors on it 406 00:23:26,389 --> 00:23:24,629 and start it on your way that's I think 407 00:23:28,610 --> 00:23:26,399 that's kind of the basic building block 408 00:23:30,350 --> 00:23:28,620 of what we'll need to get to Mars and 409 00:23:39,350 --> 00:23:30,360 about how much time would you imagine 410 00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:39,360 that would take that is a good question 411 00:23:42,999 --> 00:23:40,710 of course unfortunately it always 412 00:23:44,930 --> 00:23:43,009 depends on how much money you have and 413 00:23:46,519 --> 00:23:44,940 again though I think we have the 414 00:23:49,340 --> 00:23:46,529 technology for that to build the 415 00:23:51,919 --> 00:23:49,350 components capable of doing that we just 416 00:23:55,369 --> 00:23:51,929 have to get the idea desire and put the 417 00:23:57,740 --> 00:23:55,379 resources to it and get it done right 418 00:23:59,629 --> 00:23:57,750 now I think we're spending a lot of 419 00:24:02,659 --> 00:23:59,639 money doing the wrong things and we 420 00:24:10,119 --> 00:24:02,669 could do different things but where's 421 00:24:16,789 --> 00:24:13,909 well we work based on London time really 422 00:24:19,669 --> 00:24:16,799 and we we have a standard earth 24-hour 423 00:24:22,430 --> 00:24:19,679 day and we spend about 10 hours of that 424 00:24:23,690 --> 00:24:22,440 at work doing some exercise and and then 425 00:24:25,340 --> 00:24:23,700 all the science that we're doing up here 426 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:25,350 and then we're sleeping really on 427 00:24:29,810 --> 00:24:26,970 average about seven to eight hours a 428 00:24:32,090 --> 00:24:29,820 night so even though we see 16 sunrises 429 00:24:34,519 --> 00:24:32,100 and sunsets a day our bodies are fairly 430 00:24:36,080 --> 00:24:34,529 well adjusted to a two space flight and 431 00:24:39,860 --> 00:24:36,090 it's a fairly earth-based schedule for 432 00:24:41,930 --> 00:24:39,870 us the instrument actually do does it 433 00:24:44,090 --> 00:24:41,940 tell you when to go to sleep or what 434 00:24:49,669 --> 00:24:44,100 time it is or do is it just monitoring 435 00:24:50,990 --> 00:24:49,679 you oh for the circadian rhythms science 436 00:24:54,649 --> 00:24:51,000 experiment that we're working right now 437 00:24:56,269 --> 00:24:54,659 so we we're it's a heat flux sensor on 438 00:24:58,039 --> 00:24:56,279 our forehead and on our sternum and it's 439 00:24:59,869 --> 00:24:58,049 just measuring really our core body 440 00:25:01,669 --> 00:24:59,879 temperature over 24 hours and it's 441 00:25:03,020 --> 00:25:01,679 looking at what happens to you when 442 00:25:06,020 --> 00:25:03,030 you're in a weightless environment with 443 00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:06,030 no natural light really and what is your 444 00:25:09,650 --> 00:25:07,770 body doing does it does it understand 445 00:25:11,300 --> 00:25:09,660 this this complex system that you're 446 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:11,310 living in or not and so far it looks 447 00:25:14,450 --> 00:25:13,050 like with a few exceptions it really 448 00:25:25,340 --> 00:25:14,460 does kind of understand and it falls 449 00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:25,350 into this routine pretty well okay we 450 00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:27,630 have a question to all we have more time 451 00:25:31,970 --> 00:25:30,060 right we want to ask about a trip to 452 00:25:34,820 --> 00:25:31,980 Mars I understand it's probably going to 453 00:25:45,830 --> 00:25:34,830 be about a three-year trip and you're 454 00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:45,840 going yeah when what I've been told it's 455 00:25:49,100 --> 00:25:47,250 about nine months there given the 456 00:25:50,690 --> 00:25:49,110 current technology we have and to make 457 00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:50,700 everything line up again for when you 458 00:25:54,410 --> 00:25:52,170 come back you gotta send about a year 459 00:25:56,450 --> 00:25:54,420 and a half on Mars so it's lined up so 460 00:25:58,340 --> 00:25:56,460 when you leave Mars your back end up in 461 00:26:00,140 --> 00:25:58,350 the orbit of Earth again so that tell 462 00:26:04,460 --> 00:26:00,150 adds up to about a three month 463 00:26:07,460 --> 00:26:04,470 three-year trip sorry the question of 464 00:26:09,350 --> 00:26:07,470 would we go I would say absolutely we 465 00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:09,360 would go and I sent my wife an email 466 00:26:19,150 --> 00:26:10,680 just kind of discussing this with her 467 00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:22,460 so how do you feel about being locked 468 00:26:30,710 --> 00:26:24,330 together in a room for three years how 469 00:26:32,270 --> 00:26:30,720 do you think that's gonna work out well 470 00:26:33,710 --> 00:26:32,280 that's another you have to be a good 471 00:26:36,620 --> 00:26:33,720 friends luckily I think we'd be able to 472 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:36,630 make it of course we already come up 473 00:26:41,870 --> 00:26:39,210 with ways to handle if we have disputes 474 00:26:43,490 --> 00:26:41,880 we already have a set up for dueling up 475 00:26:46,970 --> 00:26:43,500 here so that's why we handle our 476 00:26:49,010 --> 00:26:46,980 disputes up here but overall I think if 477 00:26:50,180 --> 00:26:49,020 you do it the right compatibility and 478 00:26:53,710 --> 00:26:50,190 you have the right things to do and you 479 00:27:01,280 --> 00:26:53,720 have a right goal you can get it done 480 00:27:05,090 --> 00:27:01,290 great from Earth here this is my deepest 481 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:05,100 birthday so we're gonna and also you 482 00:27:12,110 --> 00:27:07,290 know he asked for everybody to give six 483 00:27:14,300 --> 00:27:12,120 or seven minutes to a to the fellow man 484 00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:14,310 we won't ask you to do it because I 485 00:27:37,770 --> 00:27:35,040 do you have any more questions we were 486 00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:37,780 learning about the water and air recycle 487 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:39,370 systems that would have to take place 488 00:27:43,890 --> 00:27:42,010 with them on a trip to Mars how was the 489 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:43,900 International Space Station are you 490 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:45,250 working on those systems and how are 491 00:27:52,260 --> 00:27:50,170 they working for you guys up there so we 492 00:27:53,880 --> 00:27:52,270 have some absolutely fantastic systems 493 00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:53,890 up here right now I think the one we're 494 00:27:58,530 --> 00:27:56,530 really the most proud of is the water 495 00:28:01,560 --> 00:27:58,540 reclamation system so every drop of 496 00:28:03,660 --> 00:28:01,570 sweat any condensation even our urine 497 00:28:05,250 --> 00:28:03,670 gets pulled into a system recycled and 498 00:28:07,710 --> 00:28:05,260 turned into drinking water and we're 499 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:07,720 running I think about over 90% of water 500 00:28:11,790 --> 00:28:10,090 reclamation up here and so that's a huge 501 00:28:13,740 --> 00:28:11,800 one because water is unbelievably heavy 502 00:28:15,180 --> 00:28:13,750 just go carry around a bucket of water 503 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:15,190 and you would see that launched on a 504 00:28:18,750 --> 00:28:16,570 bunch of water into space is going to be 505 00:28:20,970 --> 00:28:18,760 pretty difficult up mass and then for a 506 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:20,980 four atmosphere system we're scrubbing 507 00:28:25,620 --> 00:28:23,530 co2 out we have some other systems that 508 00:28:29,070 --> 00:28:25,630 can take water turn them into oxygen so 509 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:29,080 really we're very very close to having a 510 00:28:32,790 --> 00:28:31,330 perfect system and and it's pretty 511 00:28:35,180 --> 00:28:32,800 reliable we have a little bit further to 512 00:28:37,770 --> 00:28:35,190 go on reliability but we're almost there 513 00:28:39,990 --> 00:28:37,780 some of the other experiments you're 514 00:28:42,780 --> 00:28:40,000 working on on the space station I mean 515 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:42,790 paving the way to us one day being able 516 00:28:51,690 --> 00:28:49,330 to travel the Mars yeah 517 00:28:55,150 --> 00:28:51,700 right now I've been working on upgrading 518 00:28:57,250 --> 00:28:55,160 Robonaut which is a robotic astronaut 519 00:28:59,169 --> 00:28:57,260 for us up here and hopefully one day it 520 00:29:01,480 --> 00:28:59,179 will be able to do tasks and help us out 521 00:29:03,250 --> 00:29:01,490 explore new places like Mars and if we 522 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:03,260 had to go outside into a harsh 523 00:29:06,909 --> 00:29:04,970 environment we'd send it out first to 524 00:29:08,110 --> 00:29:06,919 maybe fix something or to see what it's 525 00:29:10,090 --> 00:29:08,120 like out there to make sure it's safe 526 00:29:11,860 --> 00:29:10,100 for us so I think it's definitely when 527 00:29:13,210 --> 00:29:11,870 we do explore some place like Mars it's 528 00:29:15,070 --> 00:29:13,220 going to take a human approach and a 529 00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:15,080 robotic approach together to make it 530 00:29:21,730 --> 00:29:20,210 work we are here at JPL and we're about 531 00:29:25,029 --> 00:29:21,740 to launch rapidscat 532 00:29:26,799 --> 00:29:25,039 up to you guys and so can we talk a 533 00:29:28,450 --> 00:29:26,809 little bit about the earth science that 534 00:29:34,390 --> 00:29:28,460 you guys are going to be doing and doing 535 00:29:36,159 --> 00:29:34,400 now in fact yeah absolutely 536 00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:36,169 most of the earth science that we're 537 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:37,520 doing just like rapidscat 538 00:29:42,130 --> 00:29:39,650 these are going to be almost call them 539 00:29:44,350 --> 00:29:42,140 like strap on hardware that looks down 540 00:29:47,740 --> 00:29:44,360 at the at the earth and is managed from 541 00:29:49,270 --> 00:29:47,750 control centers like JPL across our 542 00:29:52,270 --> 00:29:49,280 country and really around the world and 543 00:29:53,740 --> 00:29:52,280 so from our perspective what we're doing 544 00:29:55,990 --> 00:29:53,750 is we're taking a lot of pictures and 545 00:29:58,330 --> 00:29:56,000 for us that's fun we really like doing 546 00:29:59,409 --> 00:29:58,340 it but really once these pictures get 547 00:30:00,580 --> 00:29:59,419 downloaded they're not just pretty 548 00:30:02,470 --> 00:30:00,590 pictures of the earth we have a whole 549 00:30:03,730 --> 00:30:02,480 team at NASA that goes through these 550 00:30:06,520 --> 00:30:03,740 pictures and they're looking at dune 551 00:30:08,860 --> 00:30:06,530 migration weather patterns what's going 552 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:08,870 on in our oceans so really for earth 553 00:30:12,700 --> 00:30:10,730 science and earth observation right now 554 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:12,710 this is a really robust platform 555 00:30:15,820 --> 00:30:14,690 combining the crew and the control 556 00:30:17,850 --> 00:30:15,830 centers around the world and it's 557 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:17,860 turning out to be great valuable science 558 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:22,730 say weed is a major Twitter guy and he 559 00:30:26,820 --> 00:30:24,530 he got right up there and starts 560 00:30:30,159 --> 00:30:26,830 snapping pictures from the space station 561 00:30:33,430 --> 00:30:30,169 sends them down you see storms from 562 00:30:34,870 --> 00:30:33,440 above and it's really been amazing 563 00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:34,880 does that help you feel more connected 564 00:30:39,490 --> 00:30:37,850 do you is it better having social media 565 00:30:46,630 --> 00:30:39,500 up there then then pre-social media 566 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:46,640 times it definitely it adds something to 567 00:30:50,140 --> 00:30:48,650 your day and for the for the most part 568 00:30:52,539 --> 00:30:50,150 it's certainly a positive experience but 569 00:30:54,279 --> 00:30:52,549 to me I think every kid is either 570 00:30:55,510 --> 00:30:54,289 dreamed of going into space or he's at 571 00:30:56,950 --> 00:30:55,520 least had a thought of what is it like 572 00:30:59,530 --> 00:30:56,960 to look down on our planet from above 573 00:31:01,480 --> 00:30:59,540 and that's the joy is we're incredibly 574 00:31:03,010 --> 00:31:01,490 lucky the six of us to be up here right 575 00:31:05,860 --> 00:31:03,020 now on the space station out of seven 576 00:31:07,390 --> 00:31:05,870 billion people on a planet and it's part 577 00:31:09,220 --> 00:31:07,400 of our job is to share this experience 578 00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:09,230 and and to make it as real for the 579 00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:11,210 public as possible and it's great to 580 00:31:14,830 --> 00:31:13,010 have Instagram Twitter all these types 581 00:31:16,930 --> 00:31:14,840 of social media where we have a really 582 00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:16,940 easy outlet and people can go on if they 583 00:31:19,990 --> 00:31:18,170 like and if they don't want they don't 584 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:20,000 have to look and it's been an extremely 585 00:31:28,210 --> 00:31:25,250 positive experience for me I was hearing 586 00:31:29,740 --> 00:31:28,220 about your delivery of a fresh apples 587 00:31:32,790 --> 00:31:29,750 this morning then you're quite excited 588 00:31:37,950 --> 00:31:32,800 about what is yeah I want to know what 589 00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:49,669 Newton to be very happy to see that 590 00:31:53,909 --> 00:31:52,320 what an important question and if you 591 00:31:59,249 --> 00:31:53,919 get tired of all this stuff then you can 592 00:32:04,229 --> 00:31:59,259 just leave at your current altitude are 593 00:32:09,450 --> 00:32:04,239 you inside or outside of Earth's what do 594 00:32:11,849 --> 00:32:09,460 you call it stare like the exosphere and 595 00:32:15,330 --> 00:32:11,859 if you inside I can understand that you 596 00:32:17,219 --> 00:32:15,340 have pretty good protection but if 597 00:32:19,979 --> 00:32:17,229 you're outside you have no protection 598 00:32:26,580 --> 00:32:19,989 against solar flares talk to me a little 599 00:32:28,200 --> 00:32:26,590 bit about that from our understanding is 600 00:32:30,239 --> 00:32:28,210 we do have protection we're inside that 601 00:32:31,710 --> 00:32:30,249 area and so we do have protection and 602 00:32:33,450 --> 00:32:31,720 that's one of the big issues of going to 603 00:32:35,519 --> 00:32:33,460 Mars when you're outside of that issue I 604 00:32:37,739 --> 00:32:35,529 started out that side of that area that 605 00:32:39,180 --> 00:32:37,749 you would get much more radiation and 606 00:32:40,919 --> 00:32:39,190 that's one thing we had to solve before 607 00:32:42,509 --> 00:32:40,929 we go on but we're lucky up here we only 608 00:32:52,049 --> 00:32:42,519 get a slight bit more radiation than on 609 00:32:53,519 --> 00:32:52,059 earth what do you guys when you get back 610 00:32:53,999 --> 00:32:53,529 from Mars or you come back from this 611 00:33:00,499 --> 00:32:54,009 trip 612 00:33:05,279 --> 00:33:03,239 yeah for me it's been I've been up here 613 00:33:07,409 --> 00:33:05,289 for 50 days actually today is my 51st 614 00:33:09,779 --> 00:33:07,419 day it's been changing a little bit but 615 00:33:11,639 --> 00:33:09,789 right now I saw somebody eating a pizza 616 00:33:14,279 --> 00:33:11,649 on a TV show last night or a couple days 617 00:33:16,049 --> 00:33:14,289 ago and man that just sparked all the 618 00:33:19,019 --> 00:33:16,059 senses so I'm gonna vote pizza right now 619 00:33:21,299 --> 00:33:19,029 swanee I'm going for the juicy juicy 620 00:33:26,869 --> 00:33:21,309 hamburger with cheese bacon the whole 621 00:33:32,039 --> 00:33:29,399 thank you so much Steve 622 00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:32,049 that's Reid's Wiseman and commander 623 00:33:36,479 --> 00:33:34,450 Steve Swanson I think Steve is going to 624 00:33:38,759 --> 00:33:36,489 be leaving a little sooner I think 625 00:33:42,299 --> 00:33:38,769 Reid's gonna stay there till November 626 00:33:44,339 --> 00:33:42,309 right okay and we're looking forward to 627 00:33:45,869 --> 00:33:44,349 all those tweets I know you hear you 628 00:34:08,270 --> 00:33:45,879 guys are staying busy but thanks for 629 00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:25,020 they're having too much 630 00:34:30,700 --> 00:34:28,990 so before we move on to questions one it 631 00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:30,710 talked a little bit about the look to 632 00:34:34,839 --> 00:34:32,210 the future some of the projects you have 633 00:34:37,210 --> 00:34:34,849 ahead one of which I understand involves 634 00:34:39,250 --> 00:34:37,220 one of our projects we have a new series 635 00:34:42,639 --> 00:34:39,260 coming out on Science Channel and I 636 00:34:44,740 --> 00:34:42,649 believe it premieres on August 13th and 637 00:34:47,349 --> 00:34:44,750 it's called man vs. the universe and 638 00:34:50,730 --> 00:34:47,359 it's a series of short series of films 639 00:34:53,649 --> 00:34:50,740 about the future of space exploration 640 00:34:56,109 --> 00:34:53,659 new projects that NASA is doing JPL is 641 00:34:58,210 --> 00:34:56,119 doing also incorporating some of the 642 00:35:01,420 --> 00:34:58,220 private sector endeavors like SpaceX and 643 00:35:02,770 --> 00:35:01,430 other people and we have one episode we 644 00:35:04,420 --> 00:35:02,780 shot a couple of things here actually 645 00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:04,430 one of them on your asteroid capture 646 00:35:09,220 --> 00:35:06,440 program the asteroid redirect mission 647 00:35:11,829 --> 00:35:09,230 which is a proposed mission and then we 648 00:35:14,559 --> 00:35:11,839 worked with your great people in Clark 649 00:35:16,930 --> 00:35:14,569 and might Meacham out of the place is 650 00:35:18,819 --> 00:35:16,940 called the snort yes what is this not 651 00:35:23,710 --> 00:35:18,829 stand for again oh it's too difficult to 652 00:35:25,390 --> 00:35:23,720 say yeah acronym what China like testing 653 00:35:28,450 --> 00:35:25,400 the parachute that we could use for 654 00:35:30,579 --> 00:35:28,460 heavy vehicles on Mars including 655 00:35:32,440 --> 00:35:30,589 including potentially you know human 656 00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:32,450 vehicles many years down the line and 657 00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:35,359 that's our ldsd project and we can just 658 00:35:42,309 --> 00:35:37,310 roll the tape and seem for ourselves 659 00:35:43,839 --> 00:35:42,319 yeah on earth the thick atmosphere will 660 00:35:46,030 --> 00:35:43,849 slow down a speeding spacecraft to 661 00:35:48,910 --> 00:35:46,040 around 200 miles an hour 662 00:35:52,180 --> 00:35:48,920 but Mars's atmosphere is a hundred times 663 00:36:05,860 --> 00:35:52,190 thinner there's only one way to slow 664 00:36:08,140 --> 00:36:05,870 down use a really big parachute the job 665 00:36:10,540 --> 00:36:08,150 of JPL engineers Ian Clark and Mike 666 00:36:13,660 --> 00:36:10,550 Meacham is to prevent crash landings on 667 00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:13,670 Mars any manned spacecraft will weigh 668 00:36:18,190 --> 00:36:16,400 close to 40 tons for those kind of loads 669 00:36:20,500 --> 00:36:18,200 they'll need a radically new type of 670 00:36:22,570 --> 00:36:20,510 parachute a year ago we just landed a 671 00:36:25,180 --> 00:36:22,580 one-ton Rover on the surface of Mars the 672 00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:25,190 Curiosity rover and that took all of the 673 00:36:28,270 --> 00:36:26,510 technologies that we've developed over 674 00:36:31,380 --> 00:36:28,280 the past four decades just to do that 675 00:36:34,060 --> 00:36:31,390 and we've now reached the max of that 676 00:36:35,740 --> 00:36:34,070 the parachute we're testing is designed 677 00:36:37,480 --> 00:36:35,750 to hold a hundred thousand pounds of 678 00:36:38,950 --> 00:36:37,490 drag it's something remarkable 679 00:36:41,050 --> 00:36:38,960 considering the parachute itself only 680 00:36:43,480 --> 00:36:41,060 weighs about 200 pounds it's a very 681 00:36:44,770 --> 00:36:43,490 light structure it's made from materials 682 00:36:46,570 --> 00:36:44,780 like you would have build your camping 683 00:36:47,830 --> 00:36:46,580 tent out of nylon predominantly with a 684 00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:47,840 little bit of Kevlar like we build 685 00:36:51,700 --> 00:36:50,240 bulletproof vests out of comes through 686 00:36:54,250 --> 00:36:51,710 the back of the sled here on that small 687 00:36:55,570 --> 00:36:54,260 pulley it goes up through this whole 688 00:36:58,120 --> 00:36:55,580 structure through what we call the pipe 689 00:37:00,970 --> 00:36:58,130 guide Mike Meacham is the mad scientist 690 00:37:03,220 --> 00:37:00,980 of the group it's his job to figure out 691 00:37:05,640 --> 00:37:03,230 how to design and test a parachute that 692 00:37:07,870 --> 00:37:05,650 won't rip apart at supersonic speeds 693 00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:07,880 parachutes that we're looking at testing 694 00:37:12,070 --> 00:37:10,610 ours so large no wind tunnel that exists 695 00:37:14,260 --> 00:37:12,080 right now can hold them they're just not 696 00:37:16,240 --> 00:37:14,270 big enough so we started looking at 697 00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:16,250 every possible way you could test a Mars 698 00:37:19,090 --> 00:37:17,570 parachute all the way up hang it upside 699 00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:19,100 down and putting potatoes inside of it 700 00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:20,210 we just thought of everything you could 701 00:37:25,330 --> 00:37:22,010 possibly do what they came up with 702 00:37:29,710 --> 00:37:25,340 includes a Nighthawk military helicopter 703 00:37:32,620 --> 00:37:29,720 for mark 70 missile rocket engines 4,000 704 00:37:36,030 --> 00:37:32,630 feet of rope and a 30-person support 705 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:39,040 first the helicopter lifts the 200-pound 706 00:37:45,609 --> 00:37:42,010 parachute trailing a long rope behind it 707 00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:45,619 at 40 100 feet that chopper releases the 708 00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:49,580 parachute and it inflates at the bottom 709 00:37:53,620 --> 00:37:51,170 of the Rope is a piece of hardware 710 00:37:55,270 --> 00:37:53,630 called a bullet which must drop into a 711 00:37:58,870 --> 00:37:55,280 large funnel at the end of a 712 00:38:00,520 --> 00:37:58,880 rocket-powered sled so this structure is 713 00:38:02,380 --> 00:38:00,530 fifty thousand pounds of Steel and you 714 00:38:03,609 --> 00:38:02,390 add it up it's got this enormous steel 715 00:38:05,890 --> 00:38:03,619 pulley that's what's doing the real work 716 00:38:07,510 --> 00:38:05,900 actually in order to react all that load 717 00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:07,520 we had to pour two million pounds of 718 00:38:11,859 --> 00:38:09,650 concrete at the ground that was a picnic 719 00:38:13,420 --> 00:38:11,869 so these concrete anchors you see around 720 00:38:14,890 --> 00:38:13,430 you that this structure is bolted down 721 00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:14,900 to that go they go down eighteen feet 722 00:38:20,020 --> 00:38:17,930 into the ground once the bullet drops 723 00:38:23,950 --> 00:38:20,030 into the funnel it triggers the rocket 724 00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:23,960 sled to fire simulating the supersonic 725 00:38:30,370 --> 00:38:25,520 speeds the parachute will have to endure 726 00:38:31,990 --> 00:38:30,380 on Mars I'm like the outside Rockets 727 00:38:33,700 --> 00:38:32,000 first that's our first stage that kind 728 00:38:36,010 --> 00:38:33,710 of gets this big hundred thousand pound 729 00:38:37,390 --> 00:38:36,020 sled moving and once we get up to speed 730 00:38:41,050 --> 00:38:37,400 a little bit we light the inside two 731 00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:41,060 rakahs Ian and Mike have run the test 732 00:39:06,340 --> 00:38:43,010 once before with a prototype parachute 733 00:39:11,090 --> 00:39:08,720 the parachute didn't survive 734 00:39:13,300 --> 00:39:11,100 but it didn't need to that was just a 735 00:39:15,710 --> 00:39:13,310 proof of the concept for the system 736 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:15,720 really the only thing that went wrong 737 00:39:20,150 --> 00:39:17,970 during that test was a parachute failure 738 00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:20,160 on one of the scenes so as far as the 739 00:39:23,510 --> 00:39:21,570 architecture is concerned it worked 740 00:39:24,950 --> 00:39:23,520 perfectly in some ways that makes us a 741 00:39:26,270 --> 00:39:24,960 little nervous but this next test you 742 00:39:27,980 --> 00:39:26,280 know it's almost it's almost going to 743 00:39:29,330 --> 00:39:27,990 well you've set expectations though 744 00:39:32,030 --> 00:39:29,340 right 745 00:39:35,510 --> 00:39:32,040 for Ian and Mike the stakes couldn't be 746 00:39:38,390 --> 00:39:35,520 higher our ability to land humans on 747 00:39:41,330 --> 00:39:38,400 Mars rests on the success of this test 748 00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:41,340 it's a massive and complicated operation 749 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:45,330 that costs millions one more thing there 750 00:39:50,750 --> 00:39:48,060 is no plan B they only have one 751 00:39:53,030 --> 00:39:50,760 parachute tonight I won't be sleeping 752 00:39:54,800 --> 00:39:53,040 for sure so we've got a three a.m. start 753 00:39:57,260 --> 00:39:54,810 tomorrow I'll just be my bed thinking 754 00:40:10,480 --> 00:39:57,270 about it extremely nervous so many 755 00:40:16,300 --> 00:40:13,960 actually we did the full test not too 756 00:40:18,910 --> 00:40:16,310 long ago the ldsd test out of kawaii 757 00:40:20,710 --> 00:40:18,920 Hawaii yes big what's the call to 758 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:20,720 pancake or something they did the Flying 759 00:40:27,820 --> 00:40:23,810 Saucer and released the the the sayad 760 00:40:30,070 --> 00:40:27,830 which is the inflatable kind of donut to 761 00:40:33,660 --> 00:40:30,080 slow it down and then the parachute and 762 00:40:35,440 --> 00:40:33,670 the test itself was complete success 763 00:40:37,390 --> 00:40:35,450 really happy about that 764 00:40:38,980 --> 00:40:37,400 incredible work I mean the amount of 765 00:40:40,930 --> 00:40:38,990 effort and ingenuity that goes into 766 00:40:42,970 --> 00:40:40,940 testing those things I just think it's 767 00:40:45,160 --> 00:40:42,980 remarkable that's the amazing spirit of 768 00:40:47,770 --> 00:40:45,170 this place which a lot of folks don't 769 00:40:50,020 --> 00:40:47,780 realize you collaborate a lot with us 770 00:40:51,970 --> 00:40:50,030 don't you you've done quite a few 771 00:40:54,340 --> 00:40:51,980 projects with us through the wormhole 772 00:40:56,950 --> 00:40:54,350 itself not man versus universe third 773 00:40:59,740 --> 00:40:56,960 through the wormhole itself was based on 774 00:41:02,920 --> 00:40:59,750 short internet films that we made here 775 00:41:04,300 --> 00:41:02,930 at JPL and Science Channel and Discovery 776 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:04,310 saw them and said this should be 777 00:41:10,420 --> 00:41:07,330 something bigger so it was birthed here 778 00:41:11,650 --> 00:41:10,430 so we have just a little bit of time for 779 00:41:15,790 --> 00:41:11,660 questions 780 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:15,800 hope you're ready and we we have mics 781 00:41:23,099 --> 00:41:20,170 out and let's well take one question oh 782 00:41:28,150 --> 00:41:23,109 we have one question do you have a mic 783 00:41:29,830 --> 00:41:28,160 alright this is Clara ma hey hi thank 784 00:41:32,170 --> 00:41:29,840 you all so much for being here my name 785 00:41:35,140 --> 00:41:32,180 is Clara I'm a high school summer intern 786 00:41:40,390 --> 00:41:35,150 at JPL and my question for you is if you 787 00:41:48,490 --> 00:41:40,400 could give put the mic down now let me 788 00:41:49,780 --> 00:41:48,500 see I hear you do I hear you oh see cuz 789 00:41:52,359 --> 00:41:49,790 I can't hear you through the mic that's 790 00:41:53,710 --> 00:41:52,369 what I'm saying so just pick up I'm here 791 00:41:56,170 --> 00:41:53,720 okay 792 00:41:58,510 --> 00:41:56,180 my question for you is if you could give 793 00:41:59,980 --> 00:41:58,520 any piece of advice to the over 700 794 00:42:01,540 --> 00:41:59,990 students who are interning at the Jet 795 00:42:03,240 --> 00:42:01,550 Propulsion Laboratory this summer what 796 00:42:07,390 --> 00:42:03,250 would it be 797 00:42:13,190 --> 00:42:07,400 advice for 700 student interns many of 798 00:42:21,289 --> 00:42:15,329 raise your hand if you're an intern 799 00:42:26,670 --> 00:42:21,299 quite a few they were first in life I 800 00:42:29,279 --> 00:42:26,680 have no advice for you the advice that I 801 00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:29,289 would give you if you are not here was 802 00:42:43,900 --> 00:42:42,790 so now I'm going to switch over to a 803 00:42:46,660 --> 00:42:43,910 Twitter question 804 00:42:50,170 --> 00:42:46,670 it's from Cindy Qin in your illustrious 805 00:42:52,750 --> 00:42:50,180 and long career what is the one thing 806 00:42:55,359 --> 00:42:52,760 the one project that got away 807 00:42:57,700 --> 00:42:55,369 what else is it that you'd love to do 808 00:43:02,920 --> 00:42:57,710 besides what you're doing now well a lot 809 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:02,930 of things got away because I didn't make 810 00:43:09,270 --> 00:43:05,030 the audition I didn't pass the audition 811 00:43:14,620 --> 00:43:09,280 process or the interview whatever it was 812 00:43:20,380 --> 00:43:14,630 at this stage in my long and illustrious 813 00:43:25,060 --> 00:43:20,390 career I don't know what to look forward 814 00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:25,070 to I just looked forward you know what I 815 00:43:38,910 --> 00:43:32,560 mean all right we have another question 816 00:43:44,500 --> 00:43:41,560 hello can hear me through the mic 817 00:43:48,040 --> 00:43:44,510 virtually okay but my name is hunter 818 00:43:50,079 --> 00:43:48,050 Rodriguez and my question is that if you 819 00:43:51,370 --> 00:43:50,089 were to design a mission to go anywhere 820 00:43:54,010 --> 00:43:51,380 in the universe where would you go and 821 00:43:54,820 --> 00:43:54,020 what would you want to discover I would 822 00:43:57,099 --> 00:43:54,830 go to Jupiter 823 00:43:58,810 --> 00:43:57,109 I think that's the most exciting place 824 00:44:00,329 --> 00:43:58,820 and in an hour 825 00:44:02,920 --> 00:44:00,339 will you mean in the whole universe 826 00:44:08,079 --> 00:44:02,930 whole universe but I don't know that 827 00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:08,089 much about the whole universe so so I 828 00:44:12,880 --> 00:44:10,810 think I wouldn't I go through the 829 00:44:16,270 --> 00:44:12,890 asteroid belt if I was on my way to 830 00:44:18,070 --> 00:44:16,280 Jupiter yeah you know spend a couple of 831 00:44:22,060 --> 00:44:18,080 more bits in the asteroid belt looking 832 00:44:24,579 --> 00:44:22,070 around tagging things you know and then 833 00:44:27,690 --> 00:44:24,589 I would like to proceed to one of those 834 00:44:31,240 --> 00:44:27,700 exciting planets there are one of the 835 00:44:33,280 --> 00:44:31,250 moons of Jupiter and just much Jupiter 836 00:44:35,650 --> 00:44:33,290 for a little while what would you like 837 00:44:37,810 --> 00:44:35,660 to discovery that huh what would you 838 00:44:43,300 --> 00:44:37,820 like to discover there what do I like to 839 00:44:45,270 --> 00:44:43,310 discover do you think there's something 840 00:44:49,590 --> 00:44:45,280 there to discover that we have 841 00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:49,600 already done already I have no idea what 842 00:44:57,060 --> 00:44:52,290 you say your name was 843 00:44:59,460 --> 00:44:57,070 my name is hunter Rodriguez okay well 844 00:45:03,600 --> 00:44:59,470 how do I die I wouldn't know what to 845 00:45:08,730 --> 00:45:03,610 just discover you know I know there's no 846 00:45:11,070 --> 00:45:08,740 life and but there are all kinds of 847 00:45:19,290 --> 00:45:11,080 possibilities out there in terms of 848 00:45:23,280 --> 00:45:19,300 ocean water volcanic action but what 849 00:45:25,440 --> 00:45:23,290 you're gonna discover I don't know all 850 00:45:27,360 --> 00:45:25,450 right here's another social media 851 00:45:30,420 --> 00:45:27,370 question in fact there are two questions 852 00:45:35,930 --> 00:45:30,430 but they're very similar if you get a 853 00:45:40,380 --> 00:45:35,940 one-way trip for Mars will you go No 854 00:45:43,080 --> 00:45:40,390 here's another one then if offered the 855 00:45:53,340 --> 00:45:43,090 chance to go to space would you accept 856 00:45:55,950 --> 00:45:53,350 yes why why why did you see those guys I 857 00:45:58,350 --> 00:45:55,960 think that would probably be the 858 00:46:01,200 --> 00:45:58,360 adventure of a lifetime for Chuck you 859 00:46:03,210 --> 00:46:01,210 know for an average person to have a 860 00:46:08,450 --> 00:46:03,220 shot at we used to send them up there 861 00:46:13,110 --> 00:46:08,460 you know teachers and people who I'd go 862 00:46:18,030 --> 00:46:13,120 yeah alright one more question here in 863 00:46:19,830 --> 00:46:18,040 right there howdy my name is Kerry beam 864 00:46:22,410 --> 00:46:19,840 I'm an early career higher here at JPL 865 00:46:24,930 --> 00:46:22,420 and I wanted to ask you outside of the 866 00:46:26,550 --> 00:46:24,940 traditional media how can the scientists 867 00:46:28,410 --> 00:46:26,560 and engineers here in the room how can 868 00:46:34,280 --> 00:46:28,420 we help reach out to the general public 869 00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:36,420 you've had some thoughts on this 870 00:46:41,970 --> 00:46:39,490 obviously right yes I run a very active 871 00:46:44,700 --> 00:46:41,980 Twitter account okay so what do you 872 00:46:47,460 --> 00:46:44,710 think um I think social media has really 873 00:46:49,080 --> 00:46:47,470 helped recently social media a lot of us 874 00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:49,090 can really interact one-on-one with 875 00:46:52,800 --> 00:46:50,410 people that we wouldn't normally be able 876 00:46:54,750 --> 00:46:52,810 to reach out to and then also I have a 877 00:46:56,340 --> 00:46:54,760 whole bunch of stickers on my laptop so 878 00:46:57,840 --> 00:46:56,350 if I'm traveling on a plane and an 879 00:46:59,250 --> 00:46:57,850 airport people are like oh NASA isn't 880 00:47:00,810 --> 00:46:59,260 that like shutdown with the Space 881 00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:00,820 Shuttle and I'm like no and then I tell 882 00:47:05,430 --> 00:47:02,650 them all about the cool stuff that we're 883 00:47:09,660 --> 00:47:05,440 doing so this is some of the things I'm 884 00:47:27,770 --> 00:47:13,320 I don't know that I couldn't have 885 00:47:35,220 --> 00:47:30,870 I'm Rob's turbo from JPL I want to ask 886 00:47:37,830 --> 00:47:35,230 hi I you you got my wife interested in 887 00:47:39,930 --> 00:47:37,840 science and she's not a science person I 888 00:47:42,210 --> 00:47:39,940 wanted to say for the science people is 889 00:47:45,450 --> 00:47:42,220 there some way you can construct a 890 00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:45,460 website references of papers of all 891 00:47:50,099 --> 00:47:47,170 these people you interview because I've 892 00:47:53,130 --> 00:47:50,109 been trying like very hard to find this 893 00:47:55,380 --> 00:47:53,140 fellow hurrah toofs who was a 894 00:47:57,060 --> 00:47:55,390 deterministic physics guy and there's no 895 00:47:59,130 --> 00:47:57,070 place I saw on the internet that's got a 896 00:48:01,140 --> 00:47:59,140 listing of the people you interview so 897 00:48:05,250 --> 00:48:01,150 you can follow up so that would be a 898 00:48:07,410 --> 00:48:05,260 great thing to to put on the website we 899 00:48:10,620 --> 00:48:07,420 definitely would like to do that and 900 00:48:12,359 --> 00:48:10,630 yeah we will we should I noticed that 901 00:48:13,650 --> 00:48:12,369 there in the wormhole episodes yeah we 902 00:48:14,730 --> 00:48:13,660 don't we just say their names and 903 00:48:16,859 --> 00:48:14,740 they're gone then you have to go and 904 00:48:18,599 --> 00:48:16,869 hunt around and find them so we'll 905 00:48:21,660 --> 00:48:18,609 certainly trying to help thank you so 906 00:48:25,390 --> 00:48:21,670 much thank you the safe ass rod is we 907 00:48:31,030 --> 00:48:27,790 thank you thank you so much I certainly 908 00:48:34,450 --> 00:48:31,040 hope you guys had fun because we 909 00:48:35,890 --> 00:48:34,460 certainly just are so pleased to have 910 00:48:38,530 --> 00:48:35,900 this opportunity to be with you 911 00:48:41,340 --> 00:48:38,540 so I'd like to thank you for taking this 912 00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:41,350 opportunity to be with us and on NASA TV 913 00:48:47,650 --> 00:48:45,290 and if there was one parting word you 914 00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:47,660 have what do you think what kind of 915 00:48:52,540 --> 00:48:49,850 advice do you think you can give NASA to 916 00:48:55,090 --> 00:48:52,550 inspire the next generation to keep 917 00:49:08,650 --> 00:48:55,100 exploring keep asking questions 918 00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:08,660 a little more information about Apollo